Our Lady Queen of Martyrs Parish was established by Bishop George Coleman in May of 2010, to serve the Catholic families, primarily in North Seekonk, North Rehoboth and the southeast side of the City of Attleboro. At the time of its founding, the parish had slightly more than 2000 families. The founding pastor was the Reverend Thomas L. Rita, who previously served as pastor of St. Mary's in North Seekonk.

St. Mary's and St. Stephen's parishes had a shared history extending back for more than 100 years. St. Mary's was founded in 1906 by the Rev. Samuel Patrick McGee who had been the first full-time pastor of St. Stephen's parish since 1885. St. Mary's originally served English speaking Catholics, while St. Stephen's served the French speaking Catholics of the area.

A task force of parishioners and the priests of the former St. Stephen's Parish in Attleboro and St. Mary's Parish in North Seekonk recommended the closing of those two parishes and establishment of a new parish. The parish name was chosen by Bishop George Coleman following a formal suggestion process among parishioners. The dedication to Our Lady Queen of Martyrs connects the parish to the former parishes through Mary (Our Lady) and Stephen (the first Martyr).